ABSTRACT
To study the frequency of various dental procedures and the causes of dental extractions at Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi and to suggest measures to improve the existing scenario. A descriptive cross-sectional study The study was conducted at IIMCT, Railway General Hospital from June 2014 to May 2015. All consecutive patients undergoing dental operative procedures at IIMCT Railway General Hospital were studied. The patients were examined clinically and by dental X-Ray when required. The extent of caries was ascertained and Miller's Mobility Index was used to grade the extent of Periodontitis. Tooth extraction was done in patients having broken down roots, gross caries, tooth mobility grade >2 and those with impaction, trauma, cysts etc. A total of 3116 dental procedures were done that included 1902 [61.0%]tooth extractions, 930 [29.8%] fillings, 166 [5.3%] scalings and 118 [3.8%] root canal treatments. The number of scalings and root canal treatments significantly, increased with addition of an extra dental surgeon [p<0.001]. A total of 1902 teeth were extracted from 1560 patients. Caries was the leading cause of tooth extraction [60%]. Most of the patients with advanced caries presented with broken down root [763/1902,40%]. Gross caries was the reason for extraction in 380/1902 [20%], periodontitis with mobile teeth [grade >2] in 569/1902 [30%] and other reasons like cysts, impaction and trauma etc. in 190/1902 [10%] of patients. Conclusion: Caries and periodontal infections are the commonest dental problems and the reason for tooth extraction at the Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi where people mostly come from the lower socio-economic status. The quality of work in a public sector dental setting like Railway General Hospital can be improved by providing adequate number of dentists and other resources
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to evaluate E-Cadherin expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC] with its relation to histological grades. It was a quasi experimental study in which sixty diagnosed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were selected by purposive sampling technique. Fresh sections were prepared and re-diagnosed for relative histological grades by H and E staining, regardless of their previous diagnosis. E-Cadherin expression was assessed in terms of Intensity and Site of staining and its expression was recorded. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 17. The differential grades observed in 60 cases both with H and E and E-Cadherin staining methods were compared which showed a highly significant association, P-value < 0.001. A strong membranous E-Cadherin expression was observed in cells of well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, which changed to heterogeneous [both membranous as well as cytoplasmic expression] in moderately differentiated SCC and became weak cytoplasmic to absolute negative in poorly differentiated OSCC. Intensity of E-Cadherin expression was also observed to be reduced, P-value < 0.001, with the advancing histological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It was concluded that E-Cadherin expression provides accurate details of tumour behaviour at all levels in a given section which can be used to predict the prognosis of the disease more accurately